Abstract: By examining the status of higher education structure in Anhui Province, it is found that the cultivation scale of postgraduates and high-quality undergraduates is too small; the scale of private colleges and adult colleges is relatively small, and the quality of talent training needs to be improved; high-quality higher education resources are mostly concentrated in economically developed cities; the adaptability of discipline structure and economic and social development needs to be improved. Based on this, it is suggested to optimize the structure of higher education in Anhui through the following aspects: Adjust the hierarchical structure and the type structure of colleges and universities to improve the level and standard of running schools, accelerate the regional balanced development of higher education resources and promote the discipline to connect with the industry.