Abstract: Through the evaluation indexes of the aged population's endowment quality which are screened out according to the existing endowment pattern in China and Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the analytic hierarchy process evaluation system of the endowment quality of the aged population and the evaluation coefficient of each index which were established based on the index data obtained from random investigation, a conclusion has been reached that physical condition, mental solace and community service are the main factors influencing the endowment quality of the aged population. For the medium and long term endowment demands and the development of endowment industry in Anhui province, it is necessary to highlight the position and function of mental solace and community service in endowment process so as to increase the sense of happiness of the aged population.