Abstract: From the perspective of system science, based on the two sub-systems of urban and rural areas, an indicator system to comprehensively measure the coordinated development level of urban and rural areas will be constructed, and an empirical analysis will be made of the urban and rural development of Anhui Province. The results show that the gap between the comprehensive development level within the urban and rural areas has gradually widened, and the performance of the urban groups has been particularly evident. The comprehensive development level of urban and rural areas in each city is quite different. There are cities with a high level of balanced urban and rural development, and cities with a low level of balanced development between urban and rural areas. There have even been cities where urban and rural development has been polarized. The overall level of coordinated urban-rural development in each city was not high and the spatial differences were evident, but the overall trend was good, showing an increasing gradient. The urban and rural coordination sub-indexes are on the rise, but the coordinated development level of urban and rural economic development and social services is relatively low, which is the main factor that causes regional differences in the coordinated development level of urban and rural areas in Anhui.