Abstract: Based on the analysis of the development history of expressway in Anhui province, the influence of highway construction on the ecological environment was studied. The results show that the influence of highway construction on the ecological environment mainly includes the destruction of animals and plants along the line, lead to geological disasters, cultivated land, disrupt the ecological pattern, noise pollution, the function of wetland degradation and water areas. Based on this, we should take corresponding countermeasures from the perspectives of the reasonable line selection, ecological priority, following up measures of soil and water conservation, preservation and restoration of vegetation, wildlife protection, landscape restoration, and special regional ecological protection.