Abstract: The urban and rural dual economic system, current education system and traditional family structure influence children's education in underdeveloped ar-eas. And the main difficulties faced by children's education in underdeveloped areas at present lie in the lack of family education, the imbalance of educational resources and the weakness of teachers. Therefore, the key to improve the education of children in underdeveloped areas lies in taking the government as the leading implementation of government responsibilities to solve the economic predicament, integrating social resources to construct a healthy social environment, deepening the education reform with the education system as the core, and strengthening the basic family education on the basis of the family to highlight the core function of family education in order to find the optimal educational path.