Abstract: Based on the population data of township streets in 2000, 2010 and 2015, this paper calculates the total population and growth rate of each unit in three scale units:the whole city, the city/suburb and the township streets, and analyzes the characteristics of population change in Anhui Province by using spatial clustering and classification. The results show that:from the perspective of the whole urban area, the trend of population concentration to the urban areas including the cities divided into districts and county-level cities is significant, with the urban area of Hefei as the center of population growth pole, and the traffic lines between Hefei and the surrounding major counties and cities as the population gathering axis, forming a typical radial point axis spatial structure. From the perspective of urban/suburban zoning, Hefei, Wuhu and Huangshan are in a stable stage of relative diffusion, Huizhou and Xuancheng are in a stable stage of agglomeration, and other cities are between relative agglomeration and relative diffusion. For township units, the township with the highest growth rate and stable growth is located within half an hour's drive of urban area or on the axis of provincial urban population concentration, and there are industrial parks in the territory; a few regional centers or characteristic towns have achieved stable population growth, but the growth is also very limited.