Abstract: This paper takes 61 counties in Anhui Province as the research objects, constructs evaluation indicators of cultivated land use efficiency and measures the level of cultivated land use efficiency in counties in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2017 using DEA-BBC model and Malmquist index. And it also analyzes the spatio-temporal divergence pattern of cultivated land use efficiency in counties in Anhui Province by means of exploratory spatial data approach (ESDA). The study shows that the efficiency of cultivated land use in Anhui province counties has improved. The main driver of total factor productivity growth in cultivated land use efficiency is technological progress. The polarization of cultivated land use efficiency within the province is more obvious, and the level of industrialization is the key factor affecting cultivated land use efficiency.