Abstract: Based on the panel data of 16 cities in Anhui Province from 2008 to 2018, this paper explores the relationship between scientific and technological innovation and regional economic growth by using fixed effect variable coefficient model. The empirical results show that scientific and technological innovation is positively promoting the economic growth of Anhui province in general, but there are differences in the influence coefficient of each city. Not all the influencing factors of scientific and technological innovation in prefecture-level cities have a positive role in promoting regional economic growth. Due to the fierce competition for talents, the imperfect mechanism of scientific and technological innovation, and the unreasonable structure of scientific and technological innovation investment, etc, scientific and technological innovation in some prefecture-level cities has caused negative externalities to economic growth.