Abstract: Targeted training of normal students is an effective measure to supplement rural teaching staff, promote educational equity, prevent intergenerational transmission of poverty, and promote urban-rural integration construction. The study used a cluster sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey on the professional identity, psychological capital, proactive personality, and learning engagement of 499 targeted teacher training students in Anhui Province. Research has found that there is a significant positive correlation between career identity, psychological capital, proactive personality, and learning engagement among targeted normal school students; psychological capital plays a partial mediating role in the impact of professional identity on learning engagement; proactive personality plays a moderating role in the impact of professional identity on learning engagement, and the interaction between proactive personality and professional identity significantly positively predicts learning engagement. High levels of proactive personality enhance the promoting effect of professional identity on learning engagement of normal university students.