Abstract: It is the fine tradition of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to emphasize theoretical armament. Cadre school is an important position for the CPC to arm party members and cadres with theories. During the Yan’an period, the CPC made full use of the cadre school to educate party members and cadres in Marxist theory in order to build a big party that could take up the important task of resistance and national salvation and be united ideologically, and achieved remarkable results and trained a large number of cadres for the victory in the war of resistance against Japan and the war of liberation. Summarizing the experience of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in carrying out Marxist theory education in that period can provide reference and inspiration for the current study and implementation of Xi Jinping’s socialist ideology of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era thematic education.