Abstract: Using document research and field investigation methods, combined with the theory of cultural ecology, this paper analyzes the cultural ecological system composition and the coupled correlation within the three layers of art carrier and natural environment, folk custom function and cultural environment, and cultural identity and social environment of Langzhuang clay sculpture, a national intangible cultural heritage. It summarizes the imbalance manifestations of Langzhuang clay sculpture cultural ecology from the perspectives of “subject of audience,” “inheritance subject,” and “folk custom function,” and extracts the current internal, middle, and external cultural ecological system development dilemmas. Based on this, a cultural ecological protection path for Langzhuang clay sculpture is constructed by strengthening the internal vitality of the art carrier’s innovative development, optimizing the subject source of modern intangible heritage education system through falling into place, and constructing the external ecological environment for inheritance.