Abstract: Based on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports of eight domestic and foreign energy companies in 2021, this paper employs a five-dimensional model framework for business translation research from the perspective of critical genre analysis, using a combined qualitative and quantitative research method, to analyze the translation practices in China’s energy companies’ CSR reports. The study finds that there are significant differences in the use of discursive internal resources such as vocabulary and syntax, as well as external discursive resource environments, between Chinese and American energy companies’ CSR reports. Influenced by the macro-environment and policy level towards green, low-carbon development, and the practice of environmental protection concepts, the CSR reports of Chinese energy companies are affected by three types of external discursive resources: professional practices, professional culture, and social culture, which in turn influence their internal discursive resource translation practices. This study suggests that to reduce the differences in CSR report translation practices between Chinese and American energy companies, strategies such as deletion, addition, substitution, and reorganization of elements within the adaptation translation method can be used to guide the translation process of energy companies’ CSR reports.