Abstract: Levying public grain for national salvation is an important way to solve the food problem in Huainan anti-Japanese base area, which is of great significance to maintain a lasting war of resistance. In the process of levying the public grain for national salvation in Huainan anti-Japanese base areas, there were problems such as concealing farmland, improper behavior of some cadres, and heavy burden on farmers. The government effectively guaranteed the financial supply of the base areas, consolidated the Huainan anti-Japanese base areas, and expanded the anti-Japanese national united front by improving the institutions and systems for the collection of public grain for national salvation, mobilizing before the collection of public grain for national salvation, conducting farmland surveys, and strengthening supervision and inspection during the collection process.