Abstract: The distinctive hallmark of Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought is its commitment to upholding fundamentals and making innovations. It is mainly reflected in five dimensions: theoretical inheritance, value concept, goal orientation, practical strategy and institutional construction. This ideology inherits and develops Marx and Engels' ideas on the harmonious development between human beings and nature, the ecological thought of successive generations of leaders of the Communist Party of China, and the ecological wisdom of excellent traditional Chinese culture. It emphasizes the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature and the joint efforts to build a beautiful home for the earth; it adheres to putting people's well-being at the core, promoting the coordinated progress of ecological conservation and economic development; and it is committed to establishing a comprehensive system of ecological civilization, safeguarding the environment through the strictest systems and the most rigorous legal frameworks.