Abstract: There still exist ambiguities and controversies in the academic circle regarding the definition of the process of ideological and political education. Drawing on Alfred North Whitehead's interpretation and analytical thinking on the essence of "process" in process philosophy can provide important theoretical references and research implications for exploring the constituent elements and operational links of the process of ideological and political education. From the micro perspective, the process of ideological and political education centers on the educatees and focuses on the dynamic evolution of their thoughts and behaviors, which consists of two major developmental stages: internalization and externalization. From the macro perspective, the main body system of ideological and political education includes four core elements: decision-makers (rulers or administrators), educators, educatees and educational environment. Its complete operational process is composed of three orderly links: preparation, implementation and feedback.