Abstract: It is found in the empirical analysis that the influence on the demand of agricultural insurance in China is obvious that is made by the economic development level in agriculture, net income per capita of rural residents, crop planting area, agricultural insurance claim amount and government support policy on the agricultural insurance, among which the absolute value of agricultural insurance demand elasticity related to the first three factors is greater than one, there is a long term equilibrium relationship between variables after the co-integration test, all the variables are related to the Grange causality caused by the development of agricultural insurance demand after the Grange-causality test, and the system puts the non-equilibrium state, at the considerable strength of adjustment, into the equilibrium state when the short-term fluctuation deviates from the long-term fluctuation after the test by error-correction model.