Abstract: Through the anatomy and analysis of the changes of medical income structure in large comprehensive public hospital before and after medical reform, this paper explores the policy orientation of hospital economic operation and how to scientifically control the unreasonable growth of medical expenses. After the reform, various income structures show reasonable growth, but there's also a phenomenon of high proportion of hospital medical income and excesses of spending over income. In order to successfully complete the task of medical research, fully embody the public welfare, and develop healthily, it is necessary for hospitals to adjust the price of medical services, add new "medicine service fee", manage medical control fee at different levels, strengthen internal management of medical institutions and save costs.