Abstract: Provincial higher education which is born in the management system and reform practice of China's higher education has become a research hot spot. The research of provincial higher education focuses on issues of system structure, development strategy, quality improvement, governance exploration and experience reference. Provincial higher education is a complex ecosystem, which is related with the nature of government and its administrative action in addition to internal ecological competition. Government must play a role as a whole and base on the principle of "competitive governance" in the governance of provincial higher education. It is required that provincial government should stimulate the development competition of provincial universities, correctly handle the internal and external relations of provincial higher education system, play a multi-centers participation role and create a favorable environment for the development of provincial higher education.