Abstract: National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) can fairly reflect the basic research level of researchers, colleges and universities and scientific research institutions. By analyzing and studying the NSFC acquisition situation of colleges and universities and scientific research institutions, their basic research ability can be obtained intuitively. The data of NSFC support obtained by ten major colleges and universities and scientific research institutions in Anhui Universities in the past five years are analyzed in this paper. Results show that the central units in Anhui, such as University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei University of Technology, have great advantages in basic research competitiveness. Although there is a certain gap between the basic research competitiveness of Anhui Provincial colleges and universities and that of the central units in Anhui, great progress has already been made in recent years.