Abstract: Since the establishment of the business environment, China’s rule-of-law business environment has made a great progress. However, regionalism, unclear government powers and responsibilities, imperfect market mechanism and lack of normalization mechanism have become major obstacles to the continuous optimization of China’s business environment. Taking the “four best” business environment experience of Anhui province as the research material, this paper explores and finds that the key issues of building a rule-of-law business environment is to identify the relationship between the government and the market, promoting the integration of effective market and active/effective government. Based on the modulation concept, this paper constructs a theoretical framework of the unified authority and responsibility, the corresponding rights and obligations. Then the paper explores the ascension path of China’s rule-of-law business environment, presenting that we should perfect market mechanism through the reform of market-based allocation of elements, improve the quality and efficiency of government services through the power constraint as the core, and strengthen the construction of enterprise-related service platform by means of taking the data empowerment as the lead.