Abstract: Scriabin’s Fifth Piano Sonata was created in 1908 when the author was in his creative period exploring the expression of “mysticism”, which was a turning point and had pioneering significance for his later creation. Through the analysis of the composition background, music ontology and aesthetic characteristics of the Fifth Piano Sonata, this paper makes clear this work’s inheritance and innovation of the tradition, thus revealing the process of Scriabin’s transition from romanticism to mysticism, in order to provide beneficial help for players to understand the composer’s creation intention and grasp the style of the work accurately.