Abstract: During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the “Central China Mining Co. LTD.”, “Department of Operational Investigation” and “Department of Mineral Investigation in Zhejiang-Jiangxi Region”, led by the Japanese organization of aggression against China, conducted a survey of China’s Yangtze River basin from Daye in Hubei to Jiangning in Jiangsu, from eastern Zhejiang to southern Anhui. In particular, the precious mineral resources such as gold, silver, copper and iron in the 800 li Wanjiang valley of Tongling, Nanling, Fanchang, Wuhu and Dangtu (Ma’anshan) were exploited crazily. Both the Party history research and the archives records left by the Japanese “Central China Mining Co.LTD.” show that the New Fourth Army, the guerrillas and the Special Committee of South Anhui under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, from December 1939 to October 3, 1945 when the New Fourth Army issued the Farewell Letter to the People of South Anhui and announced to go north, resolutely and continuously fighting the Japanese army for anti-plunder and anti-aggression struggle, and effectively blocked the Japanese army looting of mineral resources.