Abstract: From the perspective of education system theory, this paper studies the path of optimizing the training mode of college athletes' combination of sports and education. The study finds that role tension, conflict between learning and training, multiple co-management, and contradiction between supply and demand are important mechanisms that cause problems in the training of university athletes. They are the effective path choices for the exploration of the training mode under the education system theory, the reasonable planning of learning and training, the strengthening of the coordination mechanism between multiple departments, and the dynamic matching of the training mode and the market demand to optimize the training mode of university athletes.