Abstract: During the Republic Era in Anhui, successive governments have consistently emphasized the library industry. Libraries of various scales and types were established, spanning the entire province. The professional education in library science and vocational training cultivated a pool of urgently needed practical talents. Consequently, an emerging group of librarians gradually formed and expanded, with the Anhui Provincial Library serving as a major hub. The Anhui Library Association became a primary link for communication among peers, while the journal “Xue Feng” served as a principal platform for academic exchange. Librarians in this era achieved significant accomplishments in both operational duties and academic research, making substantial contributions to the initiation and development of the province’s library industry.