Abstract: In the Chinese traditional painting art, the fine brush painting (gongbihua in Chinese pingying) is one of the most important kinds with a history of more than one thousand years, which is characteristics of careful line drawing with color neatly distributed in the painting. It is regarded in the Tang and Song Dynasty as the mainstream of the Chinese paintings while the freehand painting (xieyihua) believing in the color of black and white comes into the fashion with the upgrading of man-of-letters painting (wenrenhua) in the Yuan Dynasty. It is indicated in the research that modern fine brush painting in the development pays more attention to the realism but the spirituality and to the modern fashion and popularity but the different subjects, and the promotion of techniques for presentation conversely leads to the weakening of artistic comprehension and performance in the painting.